OKX fined €2.25 million in the Netherlands for unregistered crypto services

  • Past fines include €4 million for Kraken and €2.85 million for Crypto.com.
  • OKX also fined €1.1 million in Malta in April 2025.
  • $504 million settlement in the US keeps OKX under oversight until 2027.

The Dutch central bank’s decision to fine OKX €2.25 million is not just a warning about regulatory oversight—it reflects how European authorities are taking a retrospective approach to compliance.

The penalty covers services offered without registration between July 2023 and August 2024, a period before the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) came into force.

By targeting past activity, regulators are making it clear that crypto exchanges will be held accountable even for legacy practices, regardless of whether they are now licensed under Europe’s new regime.

Past actions remain under scrutiny

Since 2020, the Netherlands has required crypto service providers to register under its anti-money laundering rules.

OKX, operating without approval during that timeframe, was found in breach. The DNB said such violations “will not be tolerated.”

The Netherlands has taken similar action against other major exchanges.

Kraken paid €4 million, and Crypto.com paid €2.85 million, both for offering unregistered services.

These penalties, including OKX’s latest fine, show that enforcement applies retroactively and that regulators are not letting past violations slide as the industry adapts to new frameworks.

Global fines put spotlight on compliance gaps

OKX has also been penalised in multiple jurisdictions. In April 2025, its European unit was fined €1.1 million in Malta for anti-money laundering shortcomings identified two years earlier.

The company secured MiCA approval after overhauling compliance processes.

Earlier in 2025, in the United States, OKX agreed to a $504 million settlement.

It admitted to operating as an unlicensed money transmitter and processing illicit transactions.

The settlement requires OKX to operate under strict oversight until 2027, including hiring an independent compliance consultant.

These fines show a consistent pattern: regulators are digging into earlier operations while demanding current compliance.

For exchanges, this means penalties may arrive years after the original breaches, creating prolonged uncertainty.

Dutch case treated as “legacy matter”

OKX, legally known as Aux Cayes Fintech Co., characterised the Dutch case as a “legacy matter” and said it has already resolved the issue.

Dutch customers were moved to its MiCA-licensed European entity, and the firm stressed there was no impact on customers.

The fine imposed by the DNB was lower than penalties given to other exchanges, with the regulator recognising OKX’s cooperation.

However, the action reinforces a larger trend: exchanges cannot simply comply today and ignore yesterday.

Europe’s enforcement era under MiCA

The timing of the Dutch case is significant. MiCA is now live across Europe, requiring exchanges to register, comply with reporting rules, and pass stricter anti-money laundering checks.

While OKX and others have secured licences, regulators are still pursuing earlier breaches.

This means the era of “operate first, register later” has ended, and exchanges are learning that legacy operations carry risks long after new frameworks are in place.

The Netherlands’ approach indicates that other regulators across Europe may follow, reviewing past activity while enforcing current rules.

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US SEC, CFTC clear path for registered firms to trade spot crypto

  • Top US regulators have jointly cleared a path for spot crypto trading.
  • The move is a stark reversal from the previous, more skeptical administration.
  • Registered exchanges are now invited to engage with the SEC and CFTC.

The floodgates to the heart of the American financial system have been thrown open.

In a landmark and coordinated move, the nation’s top markets watchdogs have given their official blessing for registered trading platforms to deal in spot crypto assets, a stark and powerful reversal that signals a new, pro-innovation era for the digital asset industry.

The joint statement from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on Tuesday is the clearest sign yet of the tectonic shift in Washington’s approach to cryptocurrency.

Under the previous administration, the industry was met with hesitation and skepticism.

Now, under regulators appointed by the avowedly pro-crypto President Donald Trump, a wide and clear path is being paved for digital assets to integrate into the existing financial system.

A coordinated push from the top

This is not a tentative step, but a coordinated sprint.

The agencies revealed that under the SEC’s “Project Crypto” and the CFTC’s ongoing “crypto sprint,” their leaders are actively pushing to fulfill President Trump’s mandate to establish the US as the world’s preeminent crypto hub.

The regulators declared their unified view that existing, regulated exchanges “are not prohibited from facilitating the trading of certain spot crypto asset products.”

This includes CFTC-registered designated contract markets (DCMs) and SEC-registered national securities exchanges (NSEs).

In a clear invitation to Wall Street, the agencies are now encouraging such entities to contact their staff to figure out how to move forward.

The philosophy behind the move was articulated by the leaders themselves.

“Market participants should have the freedom to choose where they trade spot crypto assets,” said SEC Chairman Paul Atkins in a statement.

His counterpart at the CFTC, Acting Chairman Caroline Pham, echoed this sentiment, calling the joint statement “the latest demonstration of our mutual objective of supporting growth and development in these markets, but it will not be the last.”

Clearing the path as Congress deliberates

While the statement did not detail which specific cryptocurrencies would be covered, referring only to “certain spot crypto asset products,” its intent is unmistakable.

The regulators are acting decisively, using their existing authorities to open the financial system to crypto now, even as Congress continues its slow and deliberate work on a more sweeping set of market rules.

This move also directly addresses one of the most persistent and problematic holes in US crypto oversight: the CFTC’s historical lack of clear authority to fully regulate the spot market, where the actual assets are changing hands.

By inviting registered firms to engage, the agencies are effectively building a regulatory bridge while the legislative foundation is still being laid.

The message to the financial world is clear: the era of waiting is over, and the time to build is now.

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