MSCI index exclusion puts crypto treasury companies at risk of forced selling

  • Analysts estimate forced outflows of up to $15 billion if passive funds are required to sell.
  • Strategy accounts for nearly three-quarters of the impacted float-adjusted market capitalisation.
  • MSCI’s final decision is due by Jan. 15, with possible implementation in February 2026.

Crypto treasury companies could face heavy selling pressure if MSCI proceeds with a proposal to exclude them from its equity indexes.

Campaigners and analysts warn that removal from widely tracked benchmarks could force passive funds to offload billions of dollars worth of crypto-linked exposure.

The debate has intensified as markets digest months of declining prices and as index providers reassess how to classify firms with large digital asset holdings.

With MSCI’s decision timeline now clear, companies and investors are closely watching what could become a defining moment for crypto’s place in mainstream equity benchmarks.

Potential selling pressure builds

BitcoinForCorporations, a group opposing the proposal, estimates that exclusions could trigger between $10 billion and $15 billion in passive outflows.

The calculation is based on a verified preliminary list of 39 companies with a combined float-adjusted market capitalisation of $113 billion.

Analysts reviewing the same universe put potential outflows at around $11.6 billion across all affected firms.

The largest exposure sits with Michael Saylor’s Strategy (previously known as Microstrategy), which represents 74.5% of the total impacted float-adjusted market cap.

JPMorgan’s analysis suggests that Strategy alone could see $2.8 billion in outflows if removed from MSCI indexes.

Such forced selling could add pressure to crypto markets that have already been trending lower for nearly three months.

Why MSCI rules matter

MSCI announced in October that it was consulting investors on whether companies holding the majority of their balance sheet in crypto should be excluded from its indexes.

These benchmarks are used by passive investment funds worldwide to decide which stocks they must hold.

As a result, inclusion or exclusion can directly affect a company’s access to capital and shareholder base.

For crypto treasury firms, index membership has become increasingly important as institutional ownership grows.

Any rule change that leads to exclusion would not be a technical adjustment but a structural shift in how these companies are treated by global asset managers.

Balance sheet debate intensifies

BitcoinForCorporations argues that using balance sheet composition as a deciding factor is flawed.

The group says a single metric does not capture whether a company operates a real business with customers, revenue, and ongoing operations.

Under the proposed approach, firms could be removed even if their core business model remains unchanged.

The group has urged MSCI to abandon the proposal and continue classifying companies based on business activity, financial performance, and operational characteristics rather than crypto exposure alone.

The concern is that the rule would effectively penalise companies for holding digital assets without assessing how those assets fit into broader corporate strategy.

MSCI is expected to publish its final conclusions by January 15.

If approved, implementation would be scheduled for the February 2026 Index Review, setting the stage for potential large-scale reallocations by passive funds.

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Ethereum price prediction as BitMine buys the dip even as ETFs shed $582M

  • BitMine buys $140M in ETH, boosting its treasury to nearly 4M ETH.
  • US Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs saw $582M in combined outflows.
  • Ethereum trades near $2,950, capped by EMAs, with support at $2,900.

Ethereum price forecast remains cautiously optimistic as the cryptocurrency struggles to maintain momentum, trading near $2,950 after slipping roughly 12% over the past week.

While Ether has avoided a decisive breakdown, the broader market, including Bitcoin (BTC), shows signs of fatigue amid waning participation and cautious trading behaviour.

BitMine adds $140M ETH in the dip

As the price of Ethereum (ETH) fell below $3,000, Tom Lee’s Ethereum treasury firm, BitMine, reportedly acquired an additional $140 million worth of ETH on Monday, bringing its total holdings to nearly 3.97 million ETH, valued at approximately $11.6 billion.

This acquisition aligns with BitMine’s long-term goal of securing 5% of the circulating Ethereum supply, signalling strong confidence in the asset despite current market weakness.

The firm’s aggressive accumulation strategy has continued throughout the year, with notable purchases of over 240,000 ETH in early December alone.

Following the ETH purchase, BitMine stock closed higher on Tuesday, reflecting investor optimism around its treasury strategy.

ETF outflows signal macro-driven caution

While BitMine strengthens its Ethereum holdings, institutional investors appear to be trimming risk elsewhere.

US-listed Bitcoin ETFs and Ethereum ETFs experienced combined outflows of roughly $582 million on Monday, marking the largest daily redemptions in two weeks.

Bitcoin ETFs alone saw $357.6 million in net outflows, while Ethereum ETFs reported nearly $225 million.

Analysts suggest these withdrawals reflect macro-level de-risking tied to volatility in US equities and uncertainty over Federal Reserve policy rather than crypto-specific stress.

But despite these ETF flows, the structural foundation for Ethereum and Bitcoin remains robust, with long-term holders continuing to support the market, although short-term volatility has heightened as traders adjust exposure based on risk assets outside the crypto space.

Ethereum price prediction

BitMine’s purchases demonstrate corporate conviction in Ethereum’s long-term prospects, even as Ethereum ETFs show temporary withdrawals.

The juxtaposition of aggressive treasury accumulation and institutional caution underscores the mixed signals that traders must navigate.

From a technical standpoint, Ethereum (ETH) is currently trading in a late-stage corrective phase, with resistance defined by declining exponential moving averages (EMAs).

Price remains below the 20-day EMA near $3,075 and the 50-day EMA around $3,250, limiting the potential for a sustained rebound.

Spot outflows persist, totalling roughly $18.7 million, while open interest has declined to approximately $37 billion as leverage unwinds.

However, technical indicators, including the daily RSI, suggest weakening downside momentum but have yet to signal a bullish reversal.

The immediate support is found around $2,900 to $2,880 and a decisive break below this range could open the path to $2,700–$2,750, where deeper buying may emerge.

On the upside, reclaiming and holding above $3,075 would indicate diminishing selling pressure, while a move toward $3,250 would require a meaningful shift in volume and spot flows.

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Bipartisan US Senate proposal seeks to tackle cryptocurrency fraud

  • US senators propose a joint task force to disrupt crypto scams nationwide.
  • The proposal looks to boost coordination across agencies, law enforcement, and industry.
  • The proposal targets rising fraud with better tools, data sharing, and reports.

A new bipartisan effort in the US Senate aims to confront the rising tide of cryptocurrency scams by tightening federal coordination and sharpening enforcement tools.

As digital assets gain wider use, US lawmakers say gaps in oversight have left consumers exposed to increasingly sophisticated fraud.

A coordinated response to a growing threat

US Senators Elissa Slotkin of Michigan and Jerry Moran of Kansas have introduced the Strengthening Agency Frameworks for Enforcement of Cryptocurrency Act.

The proposal is designed to bring order and urgency to the federal response against crypto-related scams, which have surged alongside mainstream adoption of digital assets.

At the centre of the bill is the creation of a federal task force that would unite the Treasury Department, law enforcement agencies, financial regulators, and private-sector experts.

Supporters say this structure reflects the reality of modern crypto crime, which often crosses jurisdictions and moves faster than traditional enforcement mechanisms.

Senator Slotkin has framed the legislation as a consumer protection measure rooted in practicality.

Slotkin argues that cryptocurrency fraud deserves special attention because of its complexity and speed, noting that local law enforcement agencies often lack the tools or expertise to investigate such crimes effectively.

By pooling federal resources and industry knowledge, the task force would aim to close that gap.

Inside the SAFE Crypto Act

The SAFE Crypto Act directs the task force to study emerging trends in digital asset scams and identify methods that have proven effective in stopping them.

This includes tracking patterns in phishing schemes, hacks, and small-scale Ponzi operations that may fall outside the primary focus of existing regulators.

A key element of the bill is its emphasis on supporting state and local authorities.

The task force would help equip local law enforcement with investigative tools and technical guidance, recognising that many victims first turn to local agencies for help.

Lawmakers say this support could significantly improve response times and case outcomes.

Public education is another core component. The task force would work to raise awareness about common cryptocurrency scams so consumers can better protect their money.

As fraud tactics evolve, sponsors of the bill argue that prevention through education is as important as enforcement after losses occur.

The legislation also includes accountability measures. The task force would be required to deliver an initial report to congressional committees within one year of its formation, followed by annual updates.

These reports would outline emerging threats, enforcement progress, and areas where further action may be needed.

The proposal has drawn attention from within the crypto and legal communities, where concerns about fragmented enforcement have been growing.

A January report from Chainalysis estimated that illicit cryptocurrency volume reached $51.3 billion in 2024, reflecting both the scale and diversity of on-chain criminal behaviour.

Crypto lawyer Gabriel Shapiro described the bill as a potential way to fill an enforcement gap, pointing out that agencies like the SEC and CFTC are not always focused on scams such as hacks or phishing operations.

If enacted, the SAFE Crypto Act would mark a significant step toward a more organised and proactive US strategy against cryptocurrency fraud.

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HashKey IPO marks milestone for Hong Kong’s regulated crypto market

  • The $206 million IPO was heavily oversubscribed by both retail and international investors.
  • Early trading was volatile, with shares dipping below the IPO price after an initial rise.
  • The listing adds to a growing pipeline of crypto companies planning public market debuts in 2025.

Hong Kong’s push to position itself as a global hub for regulated digital assets took a visible step forward this week as HashKey, the city’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, began trading on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.

The debut followed a $206 million initial public offering that drew strong demand across retail and institutional channels.

While early trading was volatile, the listing placed HashKey at the centre of a growing wave of crypto firms seeking public market exposure in Asia and beyond.

The move also underlined Hong Kong’s ambition to blend capital markets depth with tighter digital asset oversight, at a time when global regulators are taking a more cautious stance on crypto activity.

Shares of HashKey Holdings listed on the HKEX main board on Wednesday, opening at 6.70 Hong Kong dollars, or about $0.86, according to exchange data.

The company confirmed in a blog post that the listing made it the first digital asset company in Asia to go public via an IPO in Hong Kong, setting a regional precedent for crypto firms pursuing traditional capital market routes.

Hong Kong listing milestone

HashKey’s IPO was launched on Dec. 9 and involved the sale of 240 million shares, raising a total of $206 million, based on its HKEX filings.

The structure reflected a split between local and international tranches, aligning with Hong Kong’s standard IPO framework while attracting a broad investor base.

The Hong Kong public offering component saw demand surge well beyond expectations. The retail tranche was oversubscribed by nearly 394 times, with 24 million shares allocated.

The international offering also drew solid interest, reaching 5.5 times subscription and accounting for 216.5 million shares sold.

The response highlighted continued appetite for crypto-linked equities despite recent market volatility in the sector.

Investor demand and structure

Nine cornerstone investors participated in the IPO, adding a layer of institutional credibility to the transaction.

These included Cithara Global Multi-Strategy SPC, UBS AM Singapore, Fidelity, and CDH.

Among them, Cithara and UBS emerged as the largest backers, receiving allocations of roughly 17.5 million shares and 11.7 million shares, respectively.

The presence of established asset managers suggested confidence in HashKey’s business model and regulatory positioning.

It also reflected investor interest in companies operating within Hong Kong’s licensing regime, which has been promoted as a framework for compliant digital asset trading and custody.

Volatile first trading session

Despite the strong fundraising outcome, HashKey’s first day of trading was marked by price swings.

During the morning session, shares briefly climbed about 5% above the opening price, reaching roughly $0.91, before reversing course and dropping to a low near $0.78.

By the afternoon, the stock was trading slightly below its IPO price, at around $0.84.

The movement underscored the cautious tone among investors toward newly listed crypto firms, even as demand for IPO allocations remained robust.

Market participants appeared to weigh long-term growth prospects against near-term uncertainties in the global digital asset market.

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Aave charts post-SEC expansion as DeFi lender sharpens growth strategy

  • The strategy focuses on a major protocol upgrade, real-world asset lending, and mobile adoption.
  • Aave V4 aims to unify cross-chain liquidity and simplify development.
  • Horizon targets faster growth in tokenised real-world asset markets through institutional partners.

Aave is setting out its next phase of expansion as regulatory uncertainty in the US eases for the decentralised finance protocol.

Founder and chief executive Stani Kulechov on Dec. 17 detailed what he described as a “2026 Master Plan”, one day after the US Securities and Exchange Commission formally dropped its long-running investigation into the platform.

The update comes after what Aave described as its strongest year so far, with 2025 marked by record net deposits and billions of dollars in activity processed across the protocol.

With the regulatory probe no longer hanging over the project, Aave’s leadership is now focusing on scaling its technology, widening its institutional footprint, and pushing further into consumer-facing products.

According to Kulechov’s post on X, Aave’s strategy for 2026 rests on three core priorities: a major protocol upgrade, the expansion of tokenised real-world asset markets, and broader user adoption through a mobile app.

Aave V4 upgrade

The first pillar of the roadmap is Aave V4, the next major iteration of the lending protocol.

The upgrade is designed to introduce cross-chain liquidity, a modular architecture, and deeper customisation for developers and partners.

Aave Labs, the core development team, had already published a V4 launch roadmap in September, outlining final testing and review phases.

A central feature is the Cross-Chain Liquidity Layer, which builds on earlier versions of the protocol to address fragmented liquidity across different blockchains.

Under the new design, liquidity pools are reorganised into capital hubs on each network, with specialised spokes layered on top to support tailored lending markets for specific asset types.

The structure is intended to support significantly larger volumes of capital while simplifying how new products are launched on Aave.

The upgrade also includes new cross-chain interfaces and a revamped developer experience, which Aave expects will make integrations easier for fintech firms, enterprises, and other large-scale users.

Horizon and institutional markets

The second focus area is Horizon, Aave’s decentralised lending market for tokenised real-world assets.

Horizon is positioned as a gateway for traditional financial institutions to access DeFi infrastructure while bringing off-chain assets on-chain.

Horizon launched on Aug. 27 and surpassed $50 million in deposits by September 1, with most of the early liquidity arriving in RLUSD and USDC. Since then, net deposits have grown to around $550 million.

Aave plans to accelerate Horizon’s growth in 2026, with a stated aim of pushing deposits beyond $1 billion.

The strategy involves expanding collaborations with established financial players including Circle, Ripple, Franklin Templeton, and VanEck.

Through these partnerships, Aave intends to onboard major global asset classes and expand its reach into a real-world asset market estimated at more than $500 trillion.

Aave App and user growth

The third pillar of the roadmap targets consumer adoption through the Aave App. Launched in mid-November, the app offers a banking-style savings experience designed to make decentralised lending more accessible to non-crypto-native users.

The app is currently available on the Apple App Store and is expected to see a broader rollout next year.

Aave is targeting a user base of one million as it seeks a foothold in the global mobile fintech market, which it estimates at about $2 trillion.

The push reflects Aave’s view that long-term scaling depends on product-level adoption, not just protocol-level liquidity.

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